On September 23, President Eisenhower issued
Executive Order 10730, which put the Arkansas National Guard under federal authority, and sent 1,000 U.S. Army troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock, to maintain order as Central High School desegregated.
The governor of Arkansas failed to integrate Central High School.
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On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in
Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education that segregated schools are "inherently unequal." In September 1957, as a result of that ruling, nine African-American students enrolled at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. The ensuing struggle between segregationists and integrationists, the State of Arkansas and the federal government, President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus, has become known in modern American history as the "Little Rock Crisis." The crisis gained world-wide attention. When Governor Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to surround Central High School to keep the nine students from entering the school, President Eisenhower ordered the 101st Airborne Division into Little Rock to insure the safety of the "Little Rock Nine" and that the rulings of the Supreme Court were upheld. The manuscript holdings of the Eisenhower Presidential Library contain a large amount of documentation on this historic test of the
Brown vs. Topeka ruling and school integration.
httphttps://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/research/online-documents/civil-rights-little-rock-school-integration-crisiss://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/research/online-documents/civil-rights-little-rock-school-integration-crisis
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