Harvard review of countries with walls says they along with other measures work effectively in curbing illegal immigration and smuggling. Not sure why you keep saying they don’t work unless your saying a wall alone won’t work. Which is not the plan.
Walls of Separation
An Analysis of Three 'Successful' Border Walls
BY ESTEBAN FLORES
July 27, 2017
In November of 1989, the Socialist Unity Party, the Communist leaders of the East German state, announced that citizens of East Berlin were free to cross the border into the West, and the wall that had divided Berlin came crumbling to the ground. To many observers, this action symbolized the dawn of a new period of globalization, migration, and interconnection of nations—the world could now be united in an era of peace.
In reality, more walls have gone up since the event than ever before.
Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, the number of border walls between nations has more than quadrupled. According to Elisabeth Valet, a researcher at the University of Quebec, there are more than 65 walls currently standing or under construction. Unlike the Berlin Wall, which was meant to keep people in, most of these walls were built to keep people out by deterring illegal immigration, stopping the flow of contraband, or protecting citizens from crimes. While many were shocked by US President Donald Trump’s plans to build a border wall, a wall is by no means uncommon among both developing and developed nations. Countries such as Hungary, Britain, Bulgaria, Norway, Turkey, and Myanmar have all built walls on their borders, raising the question: would a wall along the US-Mexico border be successful?
According to Trump, such a border wall would be instrumental in stopping illegal immigration and thwarting drug cartels—a claim that has proven contentious among many experts. This article will examine three border walls in Israel, Egypt, and Spain that were erected for those same purposes; it will then show that a US-Mexico border wall could be effective, but not at the cost of its high price tag.
Israel’s Southern Immigration Border
While Israel’s border wall along the Gaza Strip often receives much media attention, its southern border wall, which was constructed to stop the flow of African immigrants from places like Eritrea and Sudan, has been relatively ignored by the media. Construction on the wall began in 2010 and finished in 2013, costing US$400 million for the relatively small 150-mile wall (the US-Mexico border wall, for comparison, would be at least 1300 miles long). The wall—which is more of a fence—is made of steel and barbed wire, and stands surrounded by unending hills of desert sand and brush. The sight is broken only by the occasional guard tower jutting above the wall.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has praised Trump’s idea for a wall as a “great idea” and a “great success,” claiming on Twitter that his own wall “has stopped all illegal immigration.” While Israel’s wall has definitely not stopped all illegal immigration, it has assisted in cutting it down significantly. According to statistics published by Israel’s Ministry of the Interior, 17,000 African immigrants entered the state illegally in 2011. However, in 2013, after the completion of the wall, the number fell to a mere 43.
While there is a clear correlation between the construction of the wall and the decrease in immigration, experts claim that the border wall has only partially contributed to the decrease, and that other measures enacted by the Israeli government have also been of immense importance. Rather than merely focusing on making it harder for immigrants to enter the country, Israel has also made it less desirable for immigrants that make it across the wall to stay and work. For example, Israel has passed two laws targeting immigrants— one prohibiting immigrants from transferring money out of the country and another forcing employers to deposit 20 percent of an immigrant employee’s salary into a bank account which can only be withdrawn upon exit of the country.
Laws such as these have made it harder for immigrants to send money back to their families in their countries of origin, which in some cases had been used to pay for the smuggling of their families into Israel. These measures, when combined with the increased difficulty of entering Israel, have contributed greatly to the reduction of immigration.
Though the wall in Israel has been successful, would a wall on the US-Mexico border prove just as effective in achieving its intended goal? While the wall could be successful, there are many obstacles that the United States would face that Israel did not. First of all, the Israeli border wall was surrounded by a vast desert, while the terrain surrounding the US wall would vary. The desert provides a natural barrier to immigration, as shown by the fact that most immigration to Israel only occurred on days when the weather was optimal for desert crossing. In addition, human smugglers in Mexico have proven themselves very capable at bypassing existing barriers along the US-Mexico border, often using power tools to cut through and infiltrate the existing US fence be fore US Border Patrol units can respond. This would not be a problem if the US-Mexico wall were as small as the Israeli wall, which would make it easier to patrol and respond to security breaches. The proposed US wall, however, would be almost ten times as long, making patrolling difficult. Finally, President Trump has not announced any policies similar to those of Israel that would limit the desirability of immigration to the United States, limiting the effectiveness of the wall.
Only if the United States were to vastly increase the size of its Border Patrol and draft immigration policies similar to those adopted by Israel could the border wall potentially be effective. However, the cost of the increase in Border Patrol and potential economic losses due to immigration employment policies may prove to be undesirable for the United States in the long run; the tradeoff may be too great.
Egypt’s Steel Barrier with Gaza
Moving west of Israel to the other side of the Gaza Strip, Egypt has also erected a massive steel barricade with Gaza. Unlike the Israeli wall, which is more of a fence, the Egyptian barrier is definitely a wall; the barrier is made of bombproof, super strength steel which cannot be cut or melted, and extends an astounding 20 meters underground. In fact, the Egyptian wall is one of the few that can be delineated from space.
While the Israeli wall was built to impede immigration, the Egyptian wall was built to stop the smuggling of contraband into Egypt, and to stop the smuggling of weapons, explosives, and goods that are unattainable domestically to the Palestinians. Since the beginning of the barricade, Hamas smugglers have dug tunnels under the desert into Egypt in order to smuggle the aforementioned items into Gaza. The Egyptian government responded by creating an underground wall to block the tunnels while simultaneously keeping all plans for the wall secret to conceal its construction from Hamas. As a result, the wall has cut off hundreds of tunnels closer to the surface and forced the Palestinians to dig deeper and deeper. During construction of the wall, many underground tunnels collapsed, sometimes killing or trapping smugglers.
The Egyptian wall has not stopped all smuggling completely, but it has forced Hamas to go to greater length in order to move goods. Proponents of the US-Mexico wall have claimed that it would help to fight drug smuggling by the Mexican cartels, and the Egyptian wall has certainly shown some success in that respect. In addition, Mexican cartels have also created networks of tunnels that they use for smuggling across the border in a manner similar to Hamas. The Trump administration, however, has not released plans for the proposed wall to extend underground—a flaw which would limit the success of the wall and keep it from emulating that of Egypt. However, the replacement of the current steel US fence with a much more durable and harder to compromise concrete wall may help stop smugglers from breaching the walls with power tools. Regardless, the cartels will still have many methods of smuggling drugs into the United States, including by boats in the Gulf of Mexico.
If the United States wanted to increase the efficacy of the wall, it would have to extend the wall underground, which would greatly increase the already exorbitant cost of constructing the wall—potentially doubling or tripling the estimated US$10 billion expense. This may prove too costly. Without this expense, however, the net reduction in drug smuggling would be limited